How To Introduce Organic Compounds To Elementary Students
To teach the students of organic compounds must first have adequate experience of such compounds. The main elements of constituent organic compounds are carbon elements C and as an illustration we can use charcoal or ash as an illustration to teach about the element carbon as the main constituent elements of organic compounds.
The teacher introduces the carbon atom four arms that can be used to bind to other atoms. The carbon atoms in addition to carbon atoms bind ilk can also bind other atoms such as hydrogen atoms (H), atomic oxygen (O), and the nitrogen atom (N). Organic compounds are also often used by the mother - housewife in seasoning dishes such as MSG, instant broth, and so on. To make pickles into groceries plus vinegar or in chemical terms as carboxylic compound is acetic acid.
In a pickle there pasiryang sugar in chemical terms is called as sucrose or saccharin sweetener known buatanyang and so also in the medical field, a lot of drugs - drugs that are found for the treatment of various diseases. Drugs - drugs are a part of the organic compound.
BIOCHEMISTRY IN LIVING ORGANISM
Biochemistry covers most of the process - the process of organic chemistry, both growing - plants, animals and other living creatures. Especially that includes plants called phytochemicals, while discussing the process - chemical processes in animals and other creatures called Biochemistry.
A. CARBOHYDRATES
Carbohydrates are the most abundant organic compound in nature, mostly derived from plants - plants and is a very important source of energy for humans. Karbohidarat or saccharides derived from the carbon (C) and hydrate (H2O) and the general formula Cx (H2O) n.karbohidrat divided into 3 major groups, namely:
1. Monosaccharide
Monosaccharide is a carbohydrate that consists of only one unit (unit) to have properties - general properties of carbohydrates. If a monosaccharide sugars containing an aldehyde carbonyl group, while the name of their group is aldose monosaccharide ketone carbonyl group (- C = O) was named ketosa.
Aldosa example:
Ø Glucose Aldoheksosa Aldopentosa is karbohidarat group-containing aldehit by the number of atoms C-6.
Ketosa example:
Ø Ketoheksosa Ketoheksosa Fructose is a carbohydrate that contains a ketone group at the C atom number 6.
2. Disaccharide
To teach the students of organic compounds must first have adequate experience of such compounds. The main elements of constituent organic compounds are carbon elements C and as an illustration we can use charcoal or ash as an illustration to teach about the element carbon as the main constituent elements of organic compounds.
The teacher introduces the carbon atom four arms that can be used to bind to other atoms. The carbon atoms in addition to carbon atoms bind ilk can also bind other atoms such as hydrogen atoms (H), atomic oxygen (O), and the nitrogen atom (N). Organic compounds are also often used by the mother - housewife in seasoning dishes such as MSG, instant broth, and so on. To make pickles into groceries plus vinegar or in chemical terms as carboxylic compound is acetic acid.
In a pickle there pasiryang sugar in chemical terms is called as sucrose or saccharin sweetener known buatanyang and so also in the medical field, a lot of drugs - drugs that are found for the treatment of various diseases. Drugs - drugs are a part of the organic compound.
BIOCHEMISTRY IN LIVING ORGANISM
Biochemistry covers most of the process - the process of organic chemistry, both growing - plants, animals and other living creatures. Especially that includes plants called phytochemicals, while discussing the process - chemical processes in animals and other creatures called Biochemistry.
A. CARBOHYDRATES
Carbohydrates are the most abundant organic compound in nature, mostly derived from plants - plants and is a very important source of energy for humans. Karbohidarat or saccharides derived from the carbon (C) and hydrate (H2O) and the general formula Cx (H2O) n.karbohidrat divided into 3 major groups, namely:
1. Monosaccharide
Monosaccharide is a carbohydrate that consists of only one unit (unit) to have properties - general properties of carbohydrates. If a monosaccharide sugars containing an aldehyde carbonyl group, while the name of their group is aldose monosaccharide ketone carbonyl group (- C = O) was named ketosa.
Aldosa example:
Ø Glucose Aldoheksosa Aldopentosa is karbohidarat group-containing aldehit by the number of atoms C-6.
Ketosa example:
Ø Ketoheksosa Ketoheksosa Fructose is a carbohydrate that contains a ketone group at the C atom number 6.
2. Disaccharide
Carbohydrates containing two monosaccharide units called saccharides.
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disakarida
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Monosakarida pembentuknya
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Maltosa
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Glukosa
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Glukosa
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Laktosa
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Glukosa
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galaktosa
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Selobiosa
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Glukosa
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Glukosa
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Gentiobiosa
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Glukosa
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Glukosa
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Melibiosa
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Glukosa
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Galaktosa
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Turanosa
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Glukosa
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Fruktosa
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Sukrosa
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Glukosa
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Fruktosa
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Trehalosa
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glukosa
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glukosa
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3.
Polysaccharides
Consists of many monosaccharide units so high molecular weight and solubility shaped colloids, widely available in the world of plants is starch and inulin which serves as a backup. In animals found that glycogen starch polysaccharide equivalent to grow - plants. Example - examples of polysaccharides include:
a. Starch (starch): carbohydrate source of energy for humans is stored in
granules in the seeds or roots.
b. Glycogen: starch in animals that have a structure (C6 H10 O5) and many are found in the liver.
c. Cellulose: The main component of wood pulp, cotton and straw and is the main structural material in plants.
B. FAT
Third timologi the fats, oils and lipids have the same meaning. Properties - general properties of lipids include:
1) Not soluble in water.
2) Soluble in organic solvents.
3) hydrolysis produces fatty acids.
4) Contribute to the metabolism of plants and animals.
Lipids can be classified into three, namely:
1) Simple lipids are esters of fatty acids with alcohol and is divided into
a. fats and oils
b. night: erter high monoalkohol higher fatty acid.
2) Lipid compound
Which includes lipid compound is
a. Phospholipids, characterized by phosfat groups as an integral part of the molecule.
b. Glycolipids, characterized by the absence phosfat groups and glycerol.
3) Steroids
Because the compound is a derivative siklopentanofenatren different pleated composed of fatty acids.
In the previous material suggested that fats and oils are members of chemical compounds called lipids. Fats and oils are called triglycerides because it is an ester of three fatty acids with a trihydroxy alcohol (glycerol) with the following equation.
Acid ester + alcohol + water
H2C OH H2C-O-O-C-R O
3RCOOH + H-C-OH H-C-O-C-R + 3H2O
O
H2C-OH H2C-O-C-R
Aam glycerol fatty trigliserda
From these equations shows that fatty acids are the basic units of the fat. In general, natural fats or oils containing fatty acid chain is even, varying between 4-25 carbon chain. The fatty acids can be saturated fatty acids (saturated), monounsaturated (monounsaturated), or plural unsaturated (polyunsaturated).
Consists of many monosaccharide units so high molecular weight and solubility shaped colloids, widely available in the world of plants is starch and inulin which serves as a backup. In animals found that glycogen starch polysaccharide equivalent to grow - plants. Example - examples of polysaccharides include:
a. Starch (starch): carbohydrate source of energy for humans is stored in
granules in the seeds or roots.
b. Glycogen: starch in animals that have a structure (C6 H10 O5) and many are found in the liver.
c. Cellulose: The main component of wood pulp, cotton and straw and is the main structural material in plants.
B. FAT
Third timologi the fats, oils and lipids have the same meaning. Properties - general properties of lipids include:
1) Not soluble in water.
2) Soluble in organic solvents.
3) hydrolysis produces fatty acids.
4) Contribute to the metabolism of plants and animals.
Lipids can be classified into three, namely:
1) Simple lipids are esters of fatty acids with alcohol and is divided into
a. fats and oils
b. night: erter high monoalkohol higher fatty acid.
2) Lipid compound
Which includes lipid compound is
a. Phospholipids, characterized by phosfat groups as an integral part of the molecule.
b. Glycolipids, characterized by the absence phosfat groups and glycerol.
3) Steroids
Because the compound is a derivative siklopentanofenatren different pleated composed of fatty acids.
In the previous material suggested that fats and oils are members of chemical compounds called lipids. Fats and oils are called triglycerides because it is an ester of three fatty acids with a trihydroxy alcohol (glycerol) with the following equation.
Acid ester + alcohol + water
H2C OH H2C-O-O-C-R O
3RCOOH + H-C-OH H-C-O-C-R + 3H2O
O
H2C-OH H2C-O-C-R
Aam glycerol fatty trigliserda
From these equations shows that fatty acids are the basic units of the fat. In general, natural fats or oils containing fatty acid chain is even, varying between 4-25 carbon chain. The fatty acids can be saturated fatty acids (saturated), monounsaturated (monounsaturated), or plural unsaturated (polyunsaturated).
Today the fish
oil gets benyak attention, since the research report stating that fish oil contains
Omega -3 fatty acids (eicosapentaenoic / and dokosaheksanoat EPA / DHA) can have
a positive effect on health, especially in lowering cholesterol levels and
prevent heart coroner.
C. AMINO ACID AND PROTEIN
1. amino Acids
Amino acids are the monomers of the protein molecules are split by hydrolysis with acids or bases or dikatalisi hydrolysis by enzymes suatun. Complete hydrolysis of proteins will produce twenty different amino acids.
In an amino acid molecule containing at least a performance piece basic amino group (-NH2) and one carboxyl group (-COOHH). The basic structure of an amino acid can be written as follows.
H
R - C - COOH
NH2
Amino acids are divided into three groups: essential amino acids, amino acid semi essential amino acids and non esensia. Essential amino acids can not be synthesized by the body itself. These amino acids our bodies need and must be supplied in the form of an edible menu everyday. Semi-essential amino acid is an amino acid that can guarantee the life of an adult, but not sufficient for the purposes of growing children. Non-essential amino acids can be made by the body long enough basic ingredients, namely fatty acids and nitrogen sources.
C. AMINO ACID AND PROTEIN
1. amino Acids
Amino acids are the monomers of the protein molecules are split by hydrolysis with acids or bases or dikatalisi hydrolysis by enzymes suatun. Complete hydrolysis of proteins will produce twenty different amino acids.
In an amino acid molecule containing at least a performance piece basic amino group (-NH2) and one carboxyl group (-COOHH). The basic structure of an amino acid can be written as follows.
H
R - C - COOH
NH2
Amino acids are divided into three groups: essential amino acids, amino acid semi essential amino acids and non esensia. Essential amino acids can not be synthesized by the body itself. These amino acids our bodies need and must be supplied in the form of an edible menu everyday. Semi-essential amino acid is an amino acid that can guarantee the life of an adult, but not sufficient for the purposes of growing children. Non-essential amino acids can be made by the body long enough basic ingredients, namely fatty acids and nitrogen sources.
2. Protein
The term protein is "to take first place," which means that mainly occupy. Proteins can be classified on the basis of several criteria, such as functionality, solubility, conformation, and so on. Following the classification of proteins described by a function biolgisnya:
a. Classification of proteins based on their functions.
By actually the biological functions are divided into 8 groups, as follows:
1). The enzyme, catalytic chemical reactions in living bodies.
2). Protein development, serves as the power blocks of biological structures.
3). Contractile proteins, serves as a protein that provides the ability to cells and organisms to contract, change shape or motion.
4). Transporter protein, has the ability to bind to specific molecules and transporting various substances through the blood stream.
5). Regulatory proteins, ie some proteins help regulate cellular or physiological activity, such as a hormone.
6). Proteins are toxic, which can cause food poisoning.
7). Protective proteins, which are proteins made by specialized lymphocytes that can recognize and precipitate or neutralize bacteria, viruses or foreign proteins from other species.
8). Protein reserves, this protein is stored for various metabolic processes in the body.
b. Classification of proteins according to their structure
1). Fibrous protein, serves to support the specific structure of the cell.
2). Globulair Protein, protein is soluble in the liquid medium and can be isolated in crystalline form.
c. Classification of proteins based on their solubility power
1). Albumin: a protein that can be dissolved in water, and can dipresipitatkan of the solution at high salt concentrations.
2). Globulin: a protein is generally not soluble in alkaline water, salt, and can be dissolved in a dilute salt solution.
3). Glutelin: proteins that are not soluble in neutral solution, retapi soluble in dilute acid or alkali.
4). Prolamine: a protein that is soluble in 70-80% ethanol and does not dissolve in water or absolute ethanol.
D. ENZYMES
Enzymes are the ones most abundant proteins in living cells and have an important function as catalysts of biochemical reactions that collectively form the intermediary metabolism of the cell. The classification ezim as follows:
1. Oksido - reductase.
2. Transferase.
3. Hydrolase.
4. Lyase.
5. Isomerase.
6. Ligase.
The term protein is "to take first place," which means that mainly occupy. Proteins can be classified on the basis of several criteria, such as functionality, solubility, conformation, and so on. Following the classification of proteins described by a function biolgisnya:
a. Classification of proteins based on their functions.
By actually the biological functions are divided into 8 groups, as follows:
1). The enzyme, catalytic chemical reactions in living bodies.
2). Protein development, serves as the power blocks of biological structures.
3). Contractile proteins, serves as a protein that provides the ability to cells and organisms to contract, change shape or motion.
4). Transporter protein, has the ability to bind to specific molecules and transporting various substances through the blood stream.
5). Regulatory proteins, ie some proteins help regulate cellular or physiological activity, such as a hormone.
6). Proteins are toxic, which can cause food poisoning.
7). Protective proteins, which are proteins made by specialized lymphocytes that can recognize and precipitate or neutralize bacteria, viruses or foreign proteins from other species.
8). Protein reserves, this protein is stored for various metabolic processes in the body.
b. Classification of proteins according to their structure
1). Fibrous protein, serves to support the specific structure of the cell.
2). Globulair Protein, protein is soluble in the liquid medium and can be isolated in crystalline form.
c. Classification of proteins based on their solubility power
1). Albumin: a protein that can be dissolved in water, and can dipresipitatkan of the solution at high salt concentrations.
2). Globulin: a protein is generally not soluble in alkaline water, salt, and can be dissolved in a dilute salt solution.
3). Glutelin: proteins that are not soluble in neutral solution, retapi soluble in dilute acid or alkali.
4). Prolamine: a protein that is soluble in 70-80% ethanol and does not dissolve in water or absolute ethanol.
D. ENZYMES
Enzymes are the ones most abundant proteins in living cells and have an important function as catalysts of biochemical reactions that collectively form the intermediary metabolism of the cell. The classification ezim as follows:
1. Oksido - reductase.
2. Transferase.
3. Hydrolase.
4. Lyase.
5. Isomerase.
6. Ligase.
