Hydrocarbons and utilization her

In chemistry, a hydrocarbon is a compound composed of the elements carbon (C) and hydrogen atoms (H). The entire chain hydrocarbons having carbon and hydrogen atoms bonded to the chain. The term is used also as a sense of aliphatic hydrocarbons.

For example, methane (swamp gas) is a hydrocarbon with one carbon atom and four hydrogen atoms: CH4. Ethane is a hydrocarbon (more specifically, an alkane) consisting of two carbon atoms are united by a single bond, each of which binds to three carbon atoms: C2H6. Propane has three C atoms (C3H8) and beyond (CnH2 · n +2).

A major component of natural gas is methane (CH4), which is the shortest chain hydrocarbon molecules and lightest. Natural gas also contains hydrocarbon molecules heavier such as ethane (C2H6), propane (C3H8) and butane (C4H10), as well as gases that contain sulfur (sulfur). Natural gas is also a major source of helium gas source.

Methane is a greenhouse gas that can create global warming when released into the atmosphere, and is generally regarded as a pollutant rather than a useful energy source. However, methane in the atmosphere reacts with ozone, producing carbon dioxide and water, so that the greenhouse effect of methane is released into the air is relatively just a moment. Methane sources from living mostly from termites, livestock (mammals) and agriculture (estimated emissions levels of approximately 15, 75 and 100 million tonnes per year respectively).

component%
Methane (CH4) 80-95
Ethane (C2H6) 5-15
Propane (C3H8) and Butane (C4H10) <5...

Nitrogen, helium, carbon dioxide (CO2), hydrogen sulfide (H2S), and water can also be contained in natural gas. Mercury can also be found in small quantities. The composition of natural gas varies according to the source of the gas fields.

Organosulfur mixture and hydrogen sulfide are contaminants (pollutants) from the gas main to be separated. Gas with a significant amount of sulfur impurities called sour gas and is often referred to as "acid gas (sour gas)". Natural gas that has been processed and will be sold is tasteless and odorless. However, before the gas is distributed to end users, the gas is usually given odor by adding a thiol, to be detected in the event of a gas leakNatural gas that has been processed in itself is not dangerous, but without the natural gas can cause respiratory strangled because it can reduce the oxygen content in the air at levels that may be harmful.

. Natural gas can be dangerous because it is highly flammable and cause an explosion. Natural gas is lighter than air, so it tends to easily dispersed in the atmosphere. However, if he is in a confined space, such as inside the house, gas concentrations can reach explosive mixtures point, which if ignited a fire, may cause an explosion that can destroy buildings. Harmful methane content in the air is between 5% to 15%.

Explosion for compressed natural gas in vehicles, generally do not worry because it is lighter, and the concentration outside the range of 5-15% which can cause an explosion.

Types of hydrocarbons
Classification of hydrocarbons, which are grouped by organic nomenclature is:
1. Hydrocarbon saturated / saturated (alkanes) are the simplest hydrocarbon. Hydrocarbons is composed entirely of a single bond and bound with hydrogen. The general formula for saturated hydrocarbons is CnH2n 2. [1] is the main composition of saturated hydrocarbons in fossil fuels and is found in the form of straight or branched chain. Hydrocarbons with the same molecular formula but different structural formulas called structural isomers. [2]
2. Unsaturated hydrocarbons / is not saturated hydrocarbons which have one or more double bonds, either duplicate or triplicate. Hydrocarbons having double bonds called alkenes, with the general formula CnH2n. [3] hydrocarbons that have a triple bond are called alkynes, with general formula CnH2n-2. [4]
3. Cycloalkanes are hydrocarbons containing one or more carbon rings. The general formula for saturated hydrocarbons is CnH2n ring with 1. [2]
4. Aromatic hydrocarbons, also known as the arena, are hydrocarbons that have at least one aromatic ring.